{"id":439,"date":"2021-07-30T11:56:19","date_gmt":"2021-07-30T09:56:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/kujundzistvoto-vo-makedonija\/"},"modified":"2026-10-11T20:36:35","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T18:36:35","slug":"goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/","title":{"rendered":"The Craft"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Header” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ background_color=”#f9f5f1″ custom_padding=”60px||60px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Craft<\/h4>\n

Goldsmith\u2019s trade in Macedonia<\/h1>\n

From a bar of silver to silver lace.<\/strong> How Macedonian goldsmiths learned, worked and lived, and how filigree is still made by hand in Ohrid today.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/mev-za-razgoruvanje-na-ogan.jpg” alt=”The old workshop, with the bellows for making fire” title_text=”The old workshop, with the bellows for making fire” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The old workshop, with the bellows for making fire<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”A craft handed down” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_padding=”70px||70px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

History<\/h4>\n

A craft handed down<\/h2>\n

People in Macedonia have worked gold and silver since antiquity. The village of Berantsi near Bitola gave up a gold pendant from the 5th century BC and a gold earring from the 4th century BC. At Trebenishte and at the Upper Gate in Ohrid, princes of the 6th and 5th centuries BC were buried with gold masks, gold gloves and sandals.<\/p>\n

Becoming a master took a long time. A boy started as an apprentice (\u00e7\u0131rak<\/em>) and later became a journeyman (kalfa<\/em>). Learning the craft took 8 to 15 years. When he was ready, his master tied a special belt around his waist in front of the other masters. The guild (esnaf<\/em>) then gave him a diploma bearing the guild\u2019s seal. Only after that could he open his own shop. Skill was not enough: the guild expected him to be calm, honest and well mannered. The craft usually passed from father to son, and the techniques and secrets stayed within the family.<\/p>\n

Good work was well paid. At the beginning of the 14th century a silver gilt belt cost 113 hyperpyrons, and in 1376 a gold belt was valued at 1,000 hyperpyrons, at a time when a horse cost 12 to 15. A single piece could take months, sometimes years.<\/p>\n

Goldsmiths worked not only in the towns, but also in the villages and in the larger monasteries. In 1692 a goldsmith named Nikola lived at the church of the Holy Mother of God Perivlepta in Ohrid, where he made crosses and haloes and looked after the church silver. Village masters gave their work a local stamp. The buckles of Velgoshti and the copper coin necklaces of Peshtani, both near Ohrid, are found almost nowhere else, so a piece can often be traced to its village by its style.<\/p>\n

The trade reached its peak in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The great centres were Struga, Ohrid, Bitola, Salonica, Kostur, Voden, Seres, Drama, Kavala, Skopje, Prilep and Krushevo. The best masters marked their work with their own seal, and their pieces were valued far beyond Macedonia. When Sultan Rashid visited Bitola, the town\u2019s goldsmiths, led by master Dimitri Fila, made him a silver table weighing 30 kg. The sultan gave the masters a tip of 500 gold liras, and Fila received a written recognition of his mastery. In Struga, an Austrian prince came in person to the shop of Atanas Korkut to buy jewellery. Korkut also made a silver box weighing 2.5 kg for the relics of St. John Vladimir, kept in the Monastery of St. Naum near Ohrid.<\/p>\n

From the second half of the 19th century, cheap machine made goods began to replace handmade silver, and most goldsmiths closed their shops or left to work abroad. Only the most stubborn kept the craft of their ancestors alive. The Dereban family of Struga and Ohrid is one of them, with seven generations of goldsmiths. Read the story of the Dereban family<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Earrings-04.jpg” alt=”Gold earring from Berantsi near Bitola, 4th century BC” title_text=”Gold earring from Berantsi near Bitola, 4th century BC” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Gold earring from Berantsi near Bitola, 4th century BC<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-gold-mask-upper-gate-ohrid.jpg” alt=”Gold funerary mask from the Upper Gate, Ohrid” title_text=”Gold funerary mask from the Upper Gate, Ohrid” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Gold funerary mask, Upper Gate, Ohrid, 5th century BC (Ardjanliev et al., 2018)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-silver-pins-trebenishte.jpg” alt=”Two silver pins with gold blooming flowers, Trebenishte” title_text=”Two silver pins with gold blooming flowers, Trebenishte” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Two silver pins with gold blooming flowers, Trebenishte, 6th century BC (Ardjanliev et al., 2018, p. 85, fig. 17)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-master-fila-silver-table-bitola.jpg” alt=”Master Dimitri Fila and his assistants beside the silver table made for Sultan Rashid, Bitola” title_text=”Master Dimitri Fila and his assistants beside the silver table made for Sultan Rashid, Bitola” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Master Dimitri Fila and his assistants beside the silver table made for Sultan Rashid, Bitola<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-bitola-goldsmiths-feast-day-2.jpg” alt=”Bitola goldsmiths at their traditional gathering on the guild feast day, Sretenie (the Presentation of the Lord)” title_text=”Bitola goldsmiths at their traditional gathering on the guild feast day, Sretenie (the Presentation of the Lord)” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Bitola goldsmiths at their traditional gathering on the guild feast day, Sretenie (the Presentation of the Lord)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”How filigree is made” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ background_color=”#f9f5f1″ custom_padding=”70px||70px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The process<\/h4>\n

How filigree is made<\/h2>\n

Filigree means \u201cthread and grain\u201d: jewellery built from fine silver wire. Every tool shown here comes from the Dereban family workshop and is on display in the museum.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-tools-melting-pots-kitar.jpg” alt=”Earthenware melting pots, the iron kitar mould and fire tongs” title_text=”Earthenware melting pots, the iron kitar mould and fire tongs” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Earthenware melting pots, the iron kitar mould and fire tongs<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Step 1<\/h4>\n

Melting and casting<\/h3>\n

Pure silver is melted in a small earthenware pot<\/strong> placed over charcoal. The fire is kept hot with wooden and leather bellows<\/strong>, and the pot is lifted with long fire tongs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The molten silver is then poured into a kitar<\/strong>, an iron mould with grooves coated in wax. It comes out as bars 8 to 10 mm thick.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Step 2<\/h4>\n

Drawing the wire<\/h3>\n

Each bar is pulled again and again through the holes of a sirt<\/strong>, an iron draw plate. The holes run from 10 mm down to a quarter of a millimetre, and each pull makes the wire thinner and longer.<\/p>\n

Vangel used to say that a kilogram of silver becomes a kilometre of wire, almost as thin as a human hair.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-tools-sirt-drawplates.jpg” alt=”Sirt draw plates for drawing silver wire” title_text=”Sirt draw plates for drawing silver wire” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Sirt draw plates for drawing silver wire<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/N__A9801.jpg” alt=”Horn hammer, hammer, wooden clamp, awls and bench vice” title_text=”Horn hammer, hammer, wooden clamp, awls and bench vice” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Horn hammer, hammer, wooden clamp, awls and bench vice<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Step 3<\/h4>\n

Twisting and flattening<\/h3>\n

Two wires are twisted together on the skoropana<\/strong>, a wooden spinning tool, which gives filigree its rope like texture. Part of the wire is hammered flat on the anvil<\/strong> to make the frame. The rest is cut into short pieces, the \u201cstuffing\u201d that fills the frame.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Step 4<\/h4>\n

Building the piece<\/h3>\n

The master bends the flat wire into the outline of the piece. He then fills it with tiny curls of twisted wire, using fine pincers (\u00e7ift)<\/strong>, scissors (kesme)<\/strong> and shaping tools. This is the slowest part of the work. One piece can take days, and an exceptional one can take years.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-tools-pincers-scissors.jpg” alt=”Scissors, shears, pincers, alkopit and shaping tools” title_text=”Scissors, shears, pincers, alkopit and shaping tools” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Scissors, shears, pincers, alkopit and shaping tools<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-tools-oil-lamp-blowpipes.jpg” alt=”Oil lamp with blowpipes, brass brush and ring measures” title_text=”Oil lamp with blowpipes, brass brush and ring measures” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Oil lamp with blowpipes, brass brush and ring measures<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Step 5<\/h4>\n

Soldering<\/h3>\n

Solder powder (aslem<\/em>) is sprinkled over the piece, which rests on an iron sieve. The master then blows the flame of an oil lamp<\/strong> onto it through a thin blowpipe<\/strong>. He controls the heat with his breath, so that the solder melts and the fine wires do not.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Step 6<\/h4>\n

Cleaning and finishing<\/h3>\n

Soldering leaves the silver grey. The piece is boiled in sresh<\/em>, a cleaning solution, in a copper cup (tas)<\/strong>, scrubbed with a brass brush<\/strong> and dried in wood shavings. Finally it is polished until it shines.<\/p>\n

Files<\/strong>, mandrels<\/strong> for rings and bracelets, a bow drill (matkap)<\/strong> and engraving chisels<\/strong> finish the details.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-tools-files-mandrels.jpg” alt=”Mandrels and files” title_text=”Mandrels and files” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Mandrels and files<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/N__A9802.jpg” alt=”Bow drill (matkap)” title_text=”Bow drill (matkap)” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Bow drill (matkap)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-tools-casting-frames.jpg” alt=”Iron casting frames” title_text=”Iron casting frames” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Iron casting frames<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/img007.jpg” alt=”Moulds” title_text=”Moulds” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Moulds<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Decoration<\/h4>\n

Other techniques<\/h3>\n

Goldsmiths also cast pieces in moulds<\/strong> and set tiny silver grains on the surface, a technique called granulation and known since the 3rd millennium BC. They filled engraved lines with black niello (savat<\/em>) and fired enamel onto the silver.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

In the workshop<\/h4>\n

The chest of drawers, 1797<\/h3>\n

Every master kept his most valuable pieces in a chest with many small drawers (udzhare<\/em>). The chest has a handle on each side. In the evening, when the shop closed, the apprentices carried it to the master\u2019s house. The Dereban chest dates from 1797 and has been handed down from father to son.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-chest-1797-closed.jpg” alt=”The Dereban chest closed, with a handle on each side for carrying” title_text=”The Dereban chest closed, with a handle on each side for carrying” show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ max_width=”340px” custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Dereban chest closed, with a handle on each side for carrying<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-chest-of-drawers-1797.jpg” alt=”The chest open, with its many small drawers, 1797″ title_text=”The chest open, with its many small drawers, 1797″ show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The chest open, with its many small drawers, 1797<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

See them in the museum<\/h3>\n

These tools are on display in the Museum of Filigree in the Ohrid bazaar, in the shop where Vangel Dereban worked. Come and see how a bar of silver becomes lace.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Jewellery and its meaning” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_padding=”70px||70px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Symbols and protection<\/h4>\n

Jewellery and its meaning<\/h2>\n

Jewellery has never been only decoration. It showed a family\u2019s wealth and status, and a ring passed from father to son became the family\u2019s sign.<\/p>\n

Jewellery also protected its wearer. A newborn baby got a coin or a small cross sewn onto its cap against the evil eye. In the Mijak villages, the bride and groom looked at each other through a ring and said \u201cI see you through a ring, to enter your heart.\u201d Soldiers carried a hazelnut filled with mercury for luck. Every stone had its meaning: blue for the sky, red for strength and life, green for new life.<\/p>\n

The richest jewellery belonged to women\u2019s folk costume. A Mijak woman\u2019s festive costume weighs about 30 kg, and several of those kilograms are filigree. In the Ohrid and Struga fields, girls wore a panzur<\/em>, a cord of coins at the end of the braid that jingled as they walked.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/N__A9880-1.jpg” alt=”Urban folk costume” title_text=”Urban folk costume” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ custom_css_main_element=”min-height: 4em;” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Urban folk costume<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/img006222.jpg” alt=”Woman\u2019s costume from the Ohrid field (collection of Vladimir Yanevski)” title_text=”Woman\u2019s costume from the Ohrid field (collection of Vladimir Yanevski)” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ custom_css_main_element=”min-height: 4em;” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Woman\u2019s costume from the Ohrid field (collection of Vladimir Yanevski)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/nevesta-galicnik.jpg” alt=”Bridal costume from Galichnik” title_text=”Bridal costume from Galichnik” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ custom_css_main_element=”min-height: 4em;” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Bridal costume from Galichnik<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Types of jewellery” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ background_color=”#f9f5f1″ custom_padding=”70px||70px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The collection<\/h4>\n

Types of jewellery<\/h2>\n

Jewellery is usually grouped by where it is worn: on the head, around the neck, on the hands and on the clothes.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Head and ears<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Forehead-jewellery-with-gold-coin.jpg” alt=”Forehead jewellery with gold coin” title_text=”Forehead jewellery with gold coin” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Forehead jewellery with gold coin<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Head-pins.jpg” alt=”Head pins” title_text=”Head pins” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Head pins<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-head-jewellery-coins.jpg” alt=”Head jewellery” title_text=”Head jewellery” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Head jewellery<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Head-jeweller.jpg” alt=”Head jewellery” title_text=”Head jewellery” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Head jewellery<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Earrings-03.jpg” alt=”Earrings” title_text=”Earrings” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Earrings<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-earrings-coins-gold.jpg” alt=”Earrings” title_text=”Earrings” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Earrings<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Neck and chest<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-necklace-stones-wide.jpg” alt=”Necklace” title_text=”Necklace” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Necklace<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-necklace-mangir.jpg” alt=”Necklace of small copper coins (mangir), Ohrid district” title_text=”Necklace of small copper coins (mangir), Ohrid district” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Necklace of small copper coins (mangir), Ohrid district<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-chest-jewellery.jpg” alt=”Chest jewellery” title_text=”Chest jewellery” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Chest jewellery<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Hands<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-bracelets-hinged.jpg” alt=”Bracelets” title_text=”Bracelets” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Bracelets<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-bracelets-chain.jpg” alt=”Bracelets” title_text=”Bracelets” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Bracelets<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-rings.jpg” alt=”Rings” title_text=”Rings” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Rings<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Belts and buckles<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-buckle-mijak.jpg” alt=”Belt buckle (pafta) from the Mijak region” title_text=”Belt buckle (pafta) from the Mijak region” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Belt buckle (pafta) from the Mijak region<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-pafta-filigree.jpg” alt=”Filigree belt buckle” title_text=”Filigree belt buckle” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Filigree belt buckle<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-buckle-silver-gilt.jpg” alt=”Silver gilt belt buckle” title_text=”Silver gilt belt buckle” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Silver gilt belt buckle<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-belt-flower-v3.jpg” alt=”Filigree belt” title_text=”Filigree belt” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Filigree belt<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-belt-gilt-v3.jpg” alt=”Gilded filigree belt” title_text=”Gilded filigree belt” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Gilded filigree belt<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-belt-coins.jpg” alt=”Belt with coins, Galichnik” title_text=”Belt with coins, Galichnik” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Belt with coins, Galichnik<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Silver for the home and the church” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_padding=”70px||70px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Beyond jewellery<\/h4>\n

Silver for the home<\/h2>\n

Goldsmiths made more than jewellery. For the home they made trays, cups, coffee and sweet sets, candlesticks, inkwells, mirrors, jewellery boxes and cigarette cases. The Dereban workshop made all of these.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Ohrid<\/h4>\n

Silver for the church<\/h2>\n

For the church they made icon covers, crosses, censers, chandeliers, chalices and reliquaries. Ohrid was the seat of the Archbishopric, so church silver reached its peak here. The silver covers of the Ohrid icons, made between the 12th and 14th centuries, are among the finest goldsmith\u2019s work in the Balkans.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

For the home<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-home-vases.jpg” alt=”Filigree vases” title_text=”Filigree vases” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Filigree vases<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-home-preserve-dish.jpg” alt=”Filigree preserve dish with spoon” title_text=”Filigree preserve dish with spoon” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Filigree preserve dish with spoon<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-home-tray.jpg” alt=”Filigree tray” title_text=”Filigree tray” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Filigree tray<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

For the church<\/h3>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,1_3,1_3″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-church-kandilo-wide.jpg” alt=”Silver icon lamp (kandilo), hammered, 18th century” title_text=”Silver icon lamp (kandilo), hammered, 18th century” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Silver icon lamp (kandilo), hammered, 18th century<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-church-box.jpg” alt=”Silver box for church use, 18th century” title_text=”Silver box for church use, 18th century” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Silver box for church use, 18th century<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”display: flex;||flex-direction: column;” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/vd-church-crosses.jpg” alt=”Silver crosses” title_text=”Silver crosses” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ custom_css_main_element=”margin-top: auto;” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||on||||||” text_text_color=”#666666″ global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Silver crosses<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Source” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ background_color=”#f9f5f1″ custom_padding=”70px||70px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/the-macedonian-jewellery-cover-printed.jpg” alt=”The Macedonian Jewellery, by Vangel and Nikola Dereban” title_text=”The Macedonian Jewellery, by Vangel and Nikola Dereban” show_in_lightbox=”on” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” text_text_color=”#333333″ text_font_size=”16px” text_line_height=”1.8em” header_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_font_size=”46px” header_2_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”36px” header_3_font=”Playfair Display|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”24px” header_4_font=”Open Sans Condensed|700||on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#3392bf” header_4_font_size=”14px” header_4_letter_spacing=”2px” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Source<\/h4>\n

The Macedonian Jewellery<\/h3>\n

The text on this page is based on the book The Macedonian Jewellery<\/em> by Vangel Dereban and Nikola Dereban (Ohrid, 2021), which describes the materials, tools and recipes of the craft as they were used in the Dereban family for generations.<\/p>\n

The book is available in the museum shop.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ specialty=”on” admin_label=”Footer” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#f9f5f1″ background_color_gradient_end=”#f9f5f1″ background_color_gradient_direction=”90deg” background_color_gradient_start_position=”60%” background_color_gradient_end_position=”3%” background_enable_image=”off” background_size=”initial” background_position=”center_right” custom_padding=”100px||||false|false” background_last_edited=”on|desktop” background_color_gradient_start_position_tablet=”80%” background_color_gradient_start_position_phone=”75%” background_color_gradient_end_position_tablet=”80%” background_color_gradient_end_position_phone=”75%” background_position_tablet=”bottom_center” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text content_tablet=”” content_phone=”” content_last_edited=”on|tablet” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ text_font=”Lora||||||||” header_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font=”|||on|||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”60px” header_2_letter_spacing=”8px” header_2_line_height=”1.2em” max_width_tablet=”” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” header_2_font_size_tablet=”40px” header_2_font_size_phone=”28px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_2_line_height_tablet=”1.4em” header_2_line_height_phone=”” header_2_line_height_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Contact<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_contact_form captcha=”off” email=”n.derebanov@viridi.mk” submit_button_text=”Send” _builder_version=”4.13.1″ _module_preset=”default” _unique_id=”c5e21b29-374b-4863-997d-2e1c2aacfa9d” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_use_icon=”off” button_custom_padding=”6px|25px|6px|25px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_contact_field field_id=”Name-en” field_title=”Name” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ form_field_background_color=”#FFFFFF” global_colors_info=”{}” button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”][\/et_pb_contact_field][et_pb_contact_field field_id=”Email-en” field_title=”E-mail address” field_type=”email” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ form_field_background_color=”#FFFFFF” global_colors_info=”{}” button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”][\/et_pb_contact_field][et_pb_contact_field field_id=”Message-en” field_title=”Message” field_type=”text” fullwidth_field=”on” _builder_version=”4.9.10″ form_field_background_color=”#FFFFFF” global_colors_info=”{}” button_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_size__hover_enabled=”off” button_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_text_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_width__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_border_radius__hover_enabled=”off” button_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_letter_spacing__hover_enabled=”off” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_one_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off” button_two_bg_color__hover_enabled=”off”][\/et_pb_contact_field][\/et_pb_contact_form][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ specialty_columns=”2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”4.9.10″ background_color=”rgba(51,145,190,0.87)” max_width=”280px” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”140px|30px|100px|30px|false|true” scroll_vertical_motion_enable=”on” scroll_vertical_motion=”0|0|0|50|0|0|-2″ motion_trigger_start=”top” module_alignment_tablet=”” module_alignment_phone=”” module_alignment_last_edited=”on|tablet” scroll_vertical_motion_tablet=”0|0|0|50|0|0|0″ scroll_vertical_motion_phone=”” scroll_vertical_motion_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.4.3″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ link_font=”Open Sans|600|||||||” link_text_color=”#ffffff” link_line_height=”2em” header_3_font=”|700||on|||||” header_3_font_size=”12px” header_3_letter_spacing=”2px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” background_layout=”dark” link_font_size_tablet=”20px” link_font_size_phone=”18px” link_font_size_last_edited=”off|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

E-mail<\/h3>\n

info@vangeldereban.com<\/a>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.9.10″ link_font=”Lora||on||||||” link_text_color=”#ffffff” link_line_height=”2em” header_3_font=”Open Sans|700||on|||||” header_3_font_size=”12px” header_3_letter_spacing=”2px” header_3_line_height=”1.4em” background_layout=”dark” custom_margin=”40px||||false|false” link_font_size_tablet=”20px” link_font_size_phone=”18px” link_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Location<\/h3>\n

MUSEUM OF FILIGREE \u2013 \u201cVANGEL DEREBAN\u201d
\nSt. Clement of Ohrid 40
\n6000 Ohrid, North Macedonia
\n+389 71 321 462[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The CraftGoldsmith\u2019s trade in MacedoniaFrom a bar of silver to silver lace. How Macedonian goldsmiths learned, worked and lived, and how filigree is still made by hand in Ohrid today.The old workshop, with the bellows for making fireHistoryA craft handed down People in Macedonia have worked gold and silver since antiquity. The village of Berantsi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":276,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-439","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Craft \u2013 How Filigree Is Made | Museum of Filigree, Ohrid<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How Macedonian goldsmiths worked, from melting silver to drawing the finest filigree wire. See the tools of the Dereban workshop, traditional jewellery and church silver in the Ohrid bazaar.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Craft \u2013 How Filigree Is Made | Museum of Filigree, Ohrid\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How Macedonian goldsmiths worked, from melting silver to drawing the finest filigree wire. See the tools of the Dereban workshop, traditional jewellery and church silver in the Ohrid bazaar.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0424\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d - \u0414\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0411\u0410\u041d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-11T18:36:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/N__A9801.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"19 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Craft \u2013 How Filigree Is Made | Museum of Filigree, Ohrid\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/N__A9801.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-30T09:56:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-11T18:36:35+00:00\",\"description\":\"How Macedonian goldsmiths worked, from melting silver to drawing the finest filigree wire. See the tools of the Dereban workshop, traditional jewellery and church silver in the Ohrid bazaar.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/N__A9801.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/N__A9801.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/15-2\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Craft\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0424\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d - \u0414\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0411\u0410\u041d\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/vangeldereban.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The Craft \u2013 How Filigree Is Made | Museum of Filigree, Ohrid","description":"How Macedonian goldsmiths worked, from melting silver to drawing the finest filigree wire. See the tools of the Dereban workshop, traditional jewellery and church silver in the Ohrid bazaar.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"The Craft \u2013 How Filigree Is Made | Museum of Filigree, Ohrid","og_description":"How Macedonian goldsmiths worked, from melting silver to drawing the finest filigree wire. See the tools of the Dereban workshop, traditional jewellery and church silver in the Ohrid bazaar.","og_url":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/","og_site_name":"\u0424\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d - \u0414\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0411\u0410\u041d","article_modified_time":"2026-10-11T18:36:35+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/N__A9801.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"19 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/","url":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/","name":"The Craft \u2013 How Filigree Is Made | Museum of Filigree, Ohrid","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/N__A9801.jpg","datePublished":"2021-07-30T09:56:19+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-11T18:36:35+00:00","description":"How Macedonian goldsmiths worked, from melting silver to drawing the finest filigree wire. See the tools of the Dereban workshop, traditional jewellery and church silver in the Ohrid bazaar.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/N__A9801.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/N__A9801.jpg","width":1200,"height":800},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/goldsmiths-trade-in-macedonia\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/15-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Craft"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/","name":"\u0424\u0418\u041b\u0418\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041d - \u0414\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0411\u0410\u041d","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=439"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":812,"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/439\/revisions\/812"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vangeldereban.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}